The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck two times late to take a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.